野外及登山醫學-水泡處置原則HOW TO PREVENT AND TREAT BLISTERS(AADA美國皮膚科學會)

HOW TO PREVENT AND TREAT BLISTERS(content from AADA)
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While we often think of blisters on our feet, these painful skin irritations can occur anywhere on the body where body parts rub together or rub against clothing. To prevent chafing that can lead to blisters, dermatologists recommend following these tips. Learn more: https://www.aad.org/public/skin-hair-...
水泡處置原則摘要
預防
1. 避免水泡發生. 
2. 穿合適的衣服
3. 考慮使用軟繃帶
4. 塗抹凡士林. 不要弄破
5. 一旦感覺疼痛立即停止活動

治療
1. 用彈性繃帶纏繞水泡
2. 使用甜甜圈形狀的襯墊
3. 盡量避免弄破, 但若水泡極可能自然破裂. 可以在自然破裂前自己戳破, 可以用消毒後的細針戳破水泡側邊. 讓水泡內液體流出
4. 水泡排水後, 使用肥皂和水清洗, 之後塗抹凡士林(我習慣用油性抗生素藥膏代替凡士林)
不需要去除水泡上還完整的表皮, 因為還是會有一些物理隔絕的作用, 在新皮長出來之前, 這層角質可以保護下面組織(通常兩周會長出來)



下面先用google翻譯一次. 原文放最下面

如何預防和治療水泡

雖然我們經常想到腳上的水泡，但這些疼痛的皮膚刺激可能發生在身體部位相互摩擦或與衣服摩擦的任何部位。為防止可能導致水泡的擦傷，皮膚科醫生建議遵循以下提示。

雖然我們經常想到腳上的水泡，但這些疼痛的皮膚刺激可能發生在身體部位相互摩擦或與衣服摩擦的任何部位。幸運的是，可以通過防止擦傷來防止水泡。要在它們出現之前阻止它們，請注意您的皮膚，如果您知道要進行大量步行、跑步或其他身體活動，請採取預防措施。

為防止可能導致水泡的擦傷，皮膚科醫生推薦以下提示：

1. 保護你的腳。 為防止腳上起水泡，請穿尼龍或吸濕排汗的襪子。如果穿一雙襪子沒有幫助，請嘗試穿兩雙以保護您的皮膚。您還應該確保您的鞋子合腳。鞋子不應該太緊或太鬆。

2. 穿合適的衣服。 在體育鍛煉期間，穿吸濕排汗、寬鬆的衣服。避免穿棉質衣服，因為棉質會吸收汗水和水分，這會導致摩擦和擦傷。

3. 考慮使用軟繃帶。 對於腳部或大腿等有問題的部位，可以考慮使用粘性斜紋棉布或其他柔軟的繃帶。確保繃帶應用牢固。

4. 在問題區域塗抹粉末或凡士林。 當您的皮膚相互摩擦或與衣服摩擦時，這有助於減少摩擦。

5. 如果感到疼痛或不適，或者皮膚變紅，請立即停止活動。 否則，您可能會起水泡。

如果您真的長了水泡，請耐心等待，不要管它。大多數水泡會在一到兩週內自行癒合。在水泡痊癒之前，不要恢復引起水泡的活動。

為了治療水泡，皮膚科醫生建議如下：

1. 蓋住水泡。 用繃帶鬆散地蓋住水泡。將繃帶的兩側收起來，使繃帶的中間稍微凸起。

2. 使用填充。 要保護壓力區域（例如腳底）的水泡，請使用填充物。將填充物切成中間有孔的甜甜圈形狀，然後將其放在泡罩周圍。然後，用繃帶蓋住水泡和襯墊。

3. 避免爆破或排出水泡，因為這可能導致感染。 但是，如果您的水泡很大並且非常痛，則可能需要引流水泡以減輕不適。為此，請使用外用酒精對小針頭進行消毒。然後，用針頭小心地刺破水泡的一側，這樣可以排出一些液體。

4. 保持該區域清潔和覆蓋。 水泡排出後，用肥皂和水清洗該區域並塗抹凡士林。不要去除水泡的“屋頂”，因為這會在癒合時保護下面的生皮。

當你的水泡癒合時，注意是否有感染跡象。如果您發現任何發紅、流膿或疼痛或腫脹加劇，請預約看醫生或經委員會 認證的皮膚科醫生。

HOW TO PREVENT AND TREAT BLISTERS

While we often think of blisters on our feet, these painful skin irritations can occur anywhere on the body where body parts rub together or rub against clothing. To prevent chafing that can lead to blisters, dermatologists recommend following these tips.

While we often think of blisters on our feet, these painful skin irritations can occur anywhere on the body where body parts rub together or rub against clothing. Fortunately, blisters can be prevented by preventing chafing. To stop them before they appear, pay attention to your skin and take precautions if you know you’re going to do a lot of walking, running, or other physical activity.

To prevent chafing that can lead to blisters, dermatologists recommend the following tips:

1. Protect your feet. To prevent blisters on your feet, wear nylon or moisture-wicking socks. If wearing one pair of socks doesn’t help, try wearing two pairs to protect your skin. You should also make sure your shoes fit properly. Shoes shouldn’t be too tight or too loose.

2. Wear the right clothing. During physical activity, wear moisture-wicking, loose-fitting clothes. Avoid clothes made of cotton, as cotton soaks up sweat and moisture, which can lead to friction and chafing.

3. Consider soft bandages. For problem areas, such as the feet or thighs, consider using adhesive moleskin or other soft bandages. Make sure the bandages are applied securely.

4. Apply powder or petroleum jelly to problem areas. This helps reduce friction when your skin rubs together or rubs against clothing.

5. Stop your activity immediately if you experience pain or discomfort, or if your skin turns red. Otherwise, you may get a blister.

If you do get a blister, be patient and try to leave it alone. Most blisters heal on their own in one to two weeks. Don’t resume the activity that caused your blister until it’s healed.

To treat a blister, dermatologists recommend the following:

1. Cover the blister. Loosely cover the blister with a bandage. Bring in the sides of the bandage so that the middle of the bandage is a little raised.

2. Use padding. To protect blisters in pressure areas, such as the bottom of your feet, use padding. Cut the padding into a donut shape with a hole in the middle and place it around the blister. Then, cover the blister and padding with a bandage.

3. Avoid popping or draining a blister, as this could lead to infection. However, if your blister is large and very painful, it may be necessary to drain the blister to reduce discomfort. To do this, sterilize a small needle using rubbing alcohol. Then, use the needle to carefully pierce one edge of the blister, which will allow some of the fluid to drain.

4. Keep the area clean and covered. Once your blister has drained, wash the area with soap and water and apply petroleum jelly. Do not remove the “roof” of the blister, as this will protect the raw skin underneath as it heals.

As your blister heals, watch for signs of an infection. If you notice any redness, pus, or increased pain or swelling, make an appointment to see your doctor or a board-certified dermatologist.